Gambling is an activity in which people risk something of value (money, property or possessions) for the potential of winning something else of value. The term is also used to refer to a particular kind of wager, such as the placing of a bet on a horse race or game of chance. It is a common activity and a major international commercial enterprise. Gambling involves a combination of chance and skill, and can be found in many forms, including betting, fruit machines, lottery and scratchcards. However, it does not include activities such as playing card games or sports where the outcome is determined by creative effort or useful skills.
Gambling can be very addictive and is a source of great personal misery. It can affect physical health, mental wellbeing, relationships and performance at work or school and can lead to debt and even homelessness. Problem gambling can be especially harmful to the poor who face increased temptations, because of their strained financial circumstances. It is estimated that about half of the UK population gambles. For some it can be a fun and enjoyable activity but for others, it can have serious consequences.
It is often hard for a person to recognise that their gambling is becoming a problem. This can be because they hide the amount of time and money they spend, lie about their gambling or try to convince themselves that their behaviour is normal. People who recognise that their gambling is a problem may seek help from a family member, friend or professional counsellor. Organisations that provide support and advice on gambling problems include the Responsible Gambling Council, the Gambling Therapy Service and GamCare.
Several assessment instruments have been developed to identify problem gambling. These tools are designed to assess the extent to which a person is engaged in pathological gambling and to distinguish it from substance use disorders (SUDs). The majority of these assessments share some similarities with other psychometric measures, particularly those used for SUDs. There are some symptom features specific to PG, however, such as the tendency to ‘chase’ losses and escalation of involvement, that do not appear in other measures for SUDs.
Taking some time to think about how much you can afford to lose before gambling can help you stay in control. Set a limit for yourself before you start and stick to it, whether you’re winning or losing. Avoid credit cards and do not borrow to fund your gambling, as this can multiply your losses. Balance your gambling with other activities and make sure you don’t gamble when you are depressed or upset. Finally, don’t gamble when you’re bored – find another recreational activity to fill that time instead. Having something else to do will also stop you from turning to other, less healthy ways of passing the time, such as alcohol or drugs. A good way to socialise without gambling is to join a club or take up a new hobby.